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SB415 SUB1 Senate Bill 415 History

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Key: Green = existing Code. Red = new code to be enacted

WEST virginia legislature

2019 regular session

Committee Substitute

for

Senate Bill 415

Senators Azinger, Cline, Maynard, and Tarr, original sponsors

[Originating in the Committee on the Judiciary; Reported on February 20, 2019]

 

 

A BILL to amend the Code of West Virginia, 1931, as amended, by adding thereto a new chapter, designated §37D-1-1, §37D-1-2,  §37D-1-3,  §37D-1-4,  §37D-1-5,  §37D-1-6, §37D-2-1, §37D-2-2,  §37D-2-3,  §37D-2-4,  §37D-2-5,   §37D-2-6,  §37D-2-7, and  §37D-2-8, all relating to creating the Timber Cotenancy Modernization and Majority Protection Act and the Unknown and Unlocatable Timber Interest Owners Act; permitting the harvest of timber by fewer than all the interest owners under certain conditions; providing an exception to waste and trespass; providing short titles; providing declarations of public policy and legislative findings; providing definitions; providing that consent for the lawful use and harvesting of timber by the persons owning an undivided three fourths of the royalty interests, as defined, in the timber estate is permissible, is not waste, and is not trespass; providing that nonconsenting cotenants may elect a harvest royalty interest or a working interest share of harvest; providing that interests owned by unknown or unlocatable owners be reserved, reported, and deposited in a fund hereby created, known as the Unknown and Unlocatable Timber Interest Owners Fund to be administered by the State Treasurer in conjunction with the West Virginia Uniform Unclaimed Property Act; providing methods for determination of leasehold and contractual terms, including reviews and determinations; providing liability protection for damages resulting from the lawful use or harvesting of timber; requiring surface use agreements in specified circumstances; providing a mechanism for surface owners to acquire title to certain harvested timber interests; preserving common law rights; providing reporting requirements and administrative duties, including civil penalties for noncompliance under the West Virginia Uniform Unclaimed Property Act; providing for rule-making authority; providing crediting of interest to owner’s accounts; and providing an effective date of July 1, 2019.   

Be it enacted by the Legislature of West Virginia:


CHAPTER 37D.   Timber HARVEST.


ARTICLE 1.  TIMBER harvest by A majority of cotenants.

§37D-1-1. Short title.


This article shall be known as the Timber Cotenancy Modernization and Majority Protection Act.

§37D-1-2. Declaration of public policy; legislative findings. 


It is declared to be the public policy of this state and in the public interest to:

(1) Foster, encourage, and promote exploration for the harvesting and conservation of the state’s timber;

(2) Prohibit waste of the state’s timber and unnecessary surface loss related to that timber;

(3) Encourage the maximum recovery of the state’s timber;

(4) Safeguard, protect, and enforce the correlative rights of operators and timber owners in that each such operator and timber owner may obtain his or her just and equitable share of harvest;

(5) Safeguard, protect, and enforce the integrity of the passive royalty owner’s interest in his or her timber;

(6) Safeguard, protect, and enforce the rights of surface owners; and

(7) Protect and enforce the clear provisions of contracts lawfully made.

§37D-1-3. Definitions.


As used in this article:

“Consenting cotenant” means a tenant in common, joint tenant, or parcener having an interest in the timber property who consents in writing to a lawful use of the timber property through a bona fide lease made in an arms-length transaction.

“Nonconsenting cotenant” means an owner who for any reason chooses not to consent to a lawful use of the timber property agreed to by the consenting cotenants owning, cumulatively, at least an undivided three-fourths interest in and to the timber property.

“Operator” means any owner of at least an undivided three-fourths interest of the right to harvest timber in this state.

“Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, association, receiver, trustee, executor, administrator, guardian, fiduciary, or other representative of any kind, and includes any government, political subdivision, or any agency thereof.

“Post-harvest expense” means an expense or cost subsequent to harvest  including, but not limited to, an expense or cost related to harvest taxes, surface facilities, harvesting, or marketing of timber.

“Pro rata share” means the allocation of revenues and costs attributable to the lawful use of a timber property that is calculated based on the total amount of timber harvested on that timber property.

“Royalty owner” means any owner of timber, owners of timber leasing rights, and owners vested with any leasehold estate of less than 25 percent of the total, to the extent that the owners are not an operator as defined in this section. A royalty owner does not include a person whose interest is limited to: (1) Overriding royalties; (2) nonparticipating royalty interests; (3) nonexecutive timber interests; or (4) net profit interests.

“Unknown or unlocatable interest owner” means a person vested with a present ownership interest in the timber in place on a timber property whose present identity or location cannot be determined from:

(1) A reasonable review of the records of the clerk of the county commission, the sheriff, the assessor, and the clerk of the circuit court in the county or counties in which the interest is located, and includes unknown heirs, successors, and assigns known to be alive;

(2) A reasonable inquiry in the vicinity of the owner’s last known place of residence;

(3) A diligent inquiry into known interest owners in the same tract; and

(4) A reasonable review of available Internet resources commonly utilized by the industry.

§37D-1-4. Lawful use and harvest by cotenants; election of interests; reporting and remitting of interests of unknown or unlocatable cotenants; establishment of terms and provisions for harvest.


(a) In cases where there are seven or more royalty owners, if an operator or owner makes or has made reasonable efforts to negotiate with all royalty owners in a timber property and royalty owners vested with at least three fourths of the right to harvest that timber consent to the lawful harvesting of timber, the operator’s or owner’s harvest of timber is permissible, is not waste, and is not trespass. In that case, the consenting cotenants and their lessees, operators, agents, contractors, or assigns are not liable for damages for waste or trespass due to the lawful harvest and shall pay the nonconsenting cotenants in accordance with §37D-1-4(b) and §37D‑1-4(c) of this code, reserve the amounts specified in §37D-1-4(d) of this code for the benefit of unknown or unlocatable interest owners, and report and remit the reserved interests as provided in §37D-1-4(d) of this code. 

(b) A nonconsenting cotenant is entitled to receive, based on his or her election, either:

(1) A pro rata share of harvest royalty, paid on the gross proceeds received at the first point of sale to an unaffiliated third-party purchaser and free of post-harvest expenses, equal to the highest royalty percentage paid to his or her consenting cotenants in the same timber property, under a bona fide, arms-length lease transaction and lease bonus, or other nonroyalty timber payments, calculated on the amount of timber harvested; or

(2) Participation in the harvest and receipt of his or her pro rata share of the revenue and cost equal to his or her share of the harvest royalty attributable to the tract or tracts being timbered according to the interest of such nonconsenting cotenant, exclusive of any royalty or overriding royalty reserved in any lease, assignments thereof, or agreements relating thereto, after the market value of such nonconsenting cotenant’s share of the harvest royalty, exclusive of such royalty and overriding royalty, equals double the share of such costs payable or charged to the interest of such nonconsenting cotenant.

(c) A nonconsenting cotenant has 45 days following the operator’s written delivery of its best and final offer in which to make his or her election for either a harvest royalty or participation in the harvest as specified in §37D-1-4(b) of this code. If the nonconsenting cotenant fails to deliver a written election to the operator prior to the expiration of the 45-day period, he or she is deemed to have made the election set forth in §37D-1-4(b)(1) of this code.  Within 30 days of the date a nonconsenting cotenant chooses or has chosen the harvest royalty option, the nonconsenting cotenant has the right to appeal to the Director of the Division of Forestry regarding the issue of whether there has been compliance with §37D‑1‑4(b)(1) of this code to verify the highest royalty paid in the same timber property: Provided, That the operations upon the parcel may continue during the proceedings. 

(d) Unknown or unlocatable interest owners are deemed to have made the election provided by §37D-1-4(b)(1) of this code and are only entitled to receive the amount provided by §37D-1-4(b)(1) of this code. Within 120 days of the date upon which an amount is reserved for an unknown or unlocatable interest owner pursuant to §37D-1-4(a) of this code, the consenting cotenants and their lessees, operators, agents, contractors, or assigns shall make a report to the State Treasurer as the unclaimed property administrator and each calendar quarter, thereafter, concerning each reserved interest for each unknown or unlocatable interest owner and shall concurrently remit the amount reserved, in accordance with the provisions of §37D-2-1 et seq. and §36-8-1 et seq. of this code as determined by the State Treasurer. The quarterly report and remittances shall be submitted by the first day of the month following each calendar quarter.

(e) Unless otherwise agreed to in writing or defined by this section, any nonconsenting cotenant and any unknown or unlocatable interest owner who elects or is deemed to elect a harvest royalty under §37D-1-4(b)(1) of this code is subject to and shall benefit from the other terms and provisions defined by the lease executed by a consenting cotenant which contains terms and provisions most favorable to the nonconsenting cotenant or the unknown or unlocatable interest owner: Provided, That nonconsenting cotenants and unknown or unlocatable interest owners are not subject to or liable under any warranty of title, jurisdictional or choice of law provisions, and arbitration provisions.  

(f) Unless otherwise agreed to in writing or defined by this section, a nonconsenting cotenant who elects to participate under §37D-1-4(b)(2) of this code, is subject to and benefits from other terms and provisions determined to be just and reasonable by the Director of the Division of Forestry. Notwithstanding the determination of participation terms by the director, an operator may proceed with the harvesting of timber pursuant to this section.

(g) Within seven years of the date of the first report to the Treasurer, a bona fide surface owner may file an action to quiet title to the interests of all unknown and unlocatable interest owners of the timber estate on the surface tract.  To the extent relevant and practical, such action shall follow the provisions of  §55-12A-1 et seq. of this code. Upon presentation of sufficient proof, a bonafide surface owner is entitled to receive a special commissioner’s deed transferring title to the interest of any or all unknown or unlocatable interest owners in a timber estate. The surface owner is only entitled to their proportionate share of all future proceeds and is not entitled to any of the accrued funds which have been remitted to the Treasurer prior to the execution of the special commissioner’s deed. The unknown or unlocatable interest owners are not entitled to any amounts paid to the grantees of the special commissioner’s deed after delivery of said deed.  

§37D-1-5. Limitations of liability for certain cotenants.


Nonconsenting cotenants who elect to receive a harvest royalty pursuant to §37D‑1‑4(b)(1) of this code and unknown or unlocatable interest owners have no liability for bodily injury, property damage, warranty of title, or environmental claims arising out of site preparation, timber harvesting, maintenance, reclamation, and other operations with respect to timber harvested from the cotenant’s property, except nonconsenting cotenants and unknown or unlocatable interest owners are liable for their intentional acts.

§37D-1-6. Surface use.


(a) When any tract of timber property where an interest in the timber in place is owned by a nonconsenting cotenant is used or harvested pursuant to §37D-1-4 of this code, in no event may timbering be initiated upon, or other surface disturbance occur, without the surface owner’s consent regardless of whether such surface owner possesses any actual ownership in the timber interest: Provided, That this subsection does not require surface owner consent for tracts on which surface disturbance does not occur or tracts otherwise subject to an existing surface use agreement, timber lease which includes surface use rights, or other valid contractual arrangement in which the owner has granted rights to the operator to use the surface or any other use for which this article is used. 

(b) Except as specifically described in §37D-1-6(a) of this code, nothing contained in this chapter is intended to alter in any way, and this chapter does not diminish or increase, the rights of the owners of the surface of the timber harvested in this state. Except as specifically described in §37D-1-6(a) of this code, in enacting this chapter in 2019, it is the intention of the Legislature to leave unchanged the common law of this state as it relates to the timber owner’s right to utilize the surface for the timber harvest.

ARTICLE 2. Unknown and unlocatable TIMBER interest owners ACT.

§37D-2-1. Short title.


This article shall be known and may be cited as the Unknown and Unlocatable Timber Interest Owners Act.

§37D-2-2. Relationship between unknown and unlocatable interest provisions and unclaimed property provisions.


The provisions of this article shall be read in conjunction and not in conflict with the provisions of §36-8-1 et seq. of this code, the West Virginia Uniform Unclaimed Property Act.

§37D-2-3. Definitions.


Terms used in this article have the meanings as provided in §36-8-1 et seq. and §37D-1-1 et seq. of this code. In addition, as used in this article:

“Reserved interests” means all amounts payable for the harvesting or sale of timber due for an unknown or unlocatable interest owner. The term includes amounts payable:

(a) For the acquisition and retention of a timber lease, including bonuses, royalties, compensatory royalties, and minimum royalties;

(b) For the harvesting or sale of timber, including net revenue interests, royalties, overriding royalties, and harvest payments; and

(c) Under an agreement or option, including a joint operating agreement, unit agreement, pooling agreement, and farm-out agreement.

§37D-2-4. Report of unknown and unlocatable interest owners.


(a)  The holder shall make a report to the administrator each calendar quarter concerning each reserved interest for each unknown or unlocatable interest owner and shall concurrently remit the amount reserved to the administrator. The quarterly report and remittances shall be submitted by the first day of the month following each calendar quarter.

(b) The report shall contain:

(1) A full legal description of the real property interest and any other information that identifies the interest, including without limitation, any orders;

(2) If known, the name, last known address, and Social Security number or taxpayer identification number of the unknown or unlocatable interest owner or apparent owner;

(3) The date or dates on which the reserved interest became payable with respect to the property; and

(4) All other information the administrator by rule prescribes as necessary for the administration of this article.

(c) Before the date for filing the report, the holder of the reserved interests may request the administrator extend the time for filing the report. The administrator may grant the extension for good cause.

(d) The holder is not liable to any person for the wrongful use or appropriation of personal information of interest owners by another person described in the reports required under this section.

(e) With respect to all unknown or unlocatable interest owners, all obligations under this chapter of the holder are satisfied once an adequate report is filed and reserved interests are remitted to the administrator.

§37D-2-5. Unknown and Unlocatable Interest Owners Fund; duties of State Treasurer.


(a) The Unknown and Unlocatable Timber Interest Owners Fund is created in the State Treasury as a special revenue and interest-bearing account to be administered by the State Treasurer for the purposes prescribed in this article.

(b) The administrator shall deposit all moneys received pursuant to §37D-1-1 et seq. and §37D-2-1 et seq. of this code into the fund.  All expenditures from the fund shall be in accordance with §37D-2-1 et seq. of this code and as otherwise determined by the Legislature.

(c) The administrator may invest the moneys in the fund with the West Virginia Board of Treasury Investments.  All earnings shall accrue to the fund and are available for expenditure in accordance with §37D-2-1 et seq. of this code.

(d) The administrator shall pay all lawful claims of unknown and unlocatable interest owners from the fund.

(e) The administrator may deduct the following expenses from the fund:

(1) Expenses incurred identifying, locating, and returning the property to owners, including, without limitation, the costs of mailing, publication, and real estate title investigations within this state and in other jurisdictions;

(2) Reasonable service charges; and

(3) Expenses incurred in examining the reports of the holder and in collecting the reserved interest from the holders.

(f) After deducting the claims paid and the expenses specified in §37D-2-5(e) of this code and maintaining a sum of money which the administrator estimates will be needed to pay claims and expenses duly allowed from the reserved interests received and deposited in the fund, the administrator shall determine the amount that is transferrable from the fund.  Beginning July 1, 2024, and every six months thereafter, the administrator shall deposit 50 percent of the amount the administrator determines is transferrable from the fund into the Public Employees Insurance Agency Financial Stability Fund and expended pursuant to §11B-2-32 of this code.

(g) At least 60 days prior to the seven-year anniversary of the first report to the administrator concerning the property of an unknown or unlocatable interest owner, the administrator shall publish a notice in a newspaper of general circulation in each county of this state where the timber property is located once a week for two successive weeks as provided by the West Virginia Rules of Civil Procedure. That publication should provide notification of the impending seven-year anniversary to all possible surface owners and unknown or unlocatable interest owners.  

§37D-2-6. Crediting of interest to owner’s account.


(a) The administrator shall credit the amount of interest earned to each owner’s account and shall pay the interest earned when a claim is paid on that account.

(b) In no event may the administrator be required to pay the owner any income or gain realized or accruing on the account after the third anniversary of the payment of the owner’s interest to the administrator.

(c) Nothing in this section may be construed to entitle an owner to interest on property which did not realize or accrue income or gain while in possession of the administrator.

§37D-2-7. Rules.


On or before July 1, 2019, the administrator shall promulgate emergency legislative rules in accordance with the provisions of §29A-3-15 of this code. The administrator shall propose legislative rules for promulgation in accordance with the requirements of the Secretary of State and the provisions of §29A-1-1 et seq. of this code to otherwise effectuate the purposes of §37D-2-1 et seq. of this code.

§37D-2-8. Effective date.


This chapter takes effect on July 1, 2019.

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