Senate Bill No. 42
(By Senators McKenzie, Barnes and White)
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[Introduced January 9, 2008; referred to the Committee on the
Judiciary.]
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A BILL to amend and reenact §61-8-28 of the Code of West Virginia,
1931, as amended, relating to criminal invasion of privacy
generally; adding criminal offense of voyeurism or unlawful
viewing where an individual has an expectation of privacy;
providing misdemeanor penalties; providing exception for
law-enforcement and security surveillance and other lawful
visual portrayals and viewing; and extending criminal
prosecution for a misdemeanor violation of this section to
three years after the date of the offense.
Be it enacted by the Legislature of West Virginia:
That §61-8-28 of the Code of West Virginia, 1931, as amended,
be amended and reenacted to read as follows:
ARTICLE 8. CRIMES AGAINST CHASTITY, MORALITY AND DECENCY.
§61-8-28. Criminal invasion of privacy; penalties.
(a) For the purposes of this section, the words or terms defined in this subsection have the meanings ascribed to them.
These definitions are applicable unless a different meaning clearly
appears from the context:
(1) "A person fully or partially nude" means a male or female
who is either clothed or unclothed so that: (A) All or any part of
his or her genitals, pubic area or buttocks is visible; or (B) in
the case of a female only, a part of a nipple of her breast is
visible and is without a fully opaque covering;
(2) "To visually portray" a person means to create a
reproducible image of that person by means of:
(A) A photograph;
(B) A motion picture;
(C) A video tape;
(D) A digital recording; or
(E) Any other mechanical or electronic recording process or
device that can preserve, for later viewing, a visual image of a
person; and
(3) "Place where a reasonable person would have an expectation
of privacy" means a place where a reasonable person would believe
that he or she could, in privacy, be fully or partially nude
without expecting that the act of exposing his or her body was
being viewed or visually portrayed by another person; and
(4) "View" means the looking upon another person with the
unaided eye or with any device designed or intended to improve visual acuity, for the purpose of arousing or gratifying the sexual
desire of any person.
(b) It is unlawful for a person to knowingly view or visually
portray another person without that other person's knowledge, while
that other person is fully or partially nude and is in a place
where a reasonable person would have an expectation of privacy. A
person who violates the provisions of this subsection is guilty of
a misdemeanor and, upon conviction, shall be confined in a county
or regional jail for not more than one year or fined not more than
five thousand dollars, or both.
(c) Any person who displays or distributes visual images of
another person with knowledge that said visual images were obtained
in violation of subsection (b) of this section is guilty of a
misdemeanor and, upon conviction, shall be confined in a county or
regional jail for not more than one year or fined not more than
five thousand dollars, or both.
(d) A person who is convicted of a second or subsequent
violation of subsection (b) or (c) of this section is guilty of a
felony and, upon conviction, shall be confined in a state
correctional facility for not less than one year nor more than five
years or fined not more than ten thousand dollars, or both.
(e) The provisions of this section do not apply to:
(1) The visual portrayal or viewing by law-enforcement
officers during a lawful criminal investigation;
(2) The visual portrayal or viewing by law-enforcement
officers or by personnel of the Division of Corrections or of a
local jail or correctional facility for security purposes or during
an investigation of alleged misconduct by a person in the custody
of the Division of Corrections or the local jail or correctional
facility;
(3) Lawful security visual portrayal or viewing for the
purposes of decreasing or prosecuting theft, shoplifting or other
security surveillance measures in bona fide business
establishments; or
(4) Any lawful visual portrayal or viewing by a person acting
in the course of his or her employment.
(f) Any prosecution for a misdemeanor offense under this
section must be commenced within three years of the date of the
visual portrayal or viewing.
NOTE: The purpose of this bill is to protect the privacy
rights of an individual by making it a criminal offense to engage
in voyeurism where an individual has expectation of privacy. This
bill makes an exception for law-enforcement and security
surveillance. This bill also limits a criminal prosecution for a
misdemeanor pursuant to the section to three years.
Strike-throughs indicate language that would be stricken from
the present law, and underscoring indicates new language that would
be added.