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Introduced Version Senate Bill 357 History

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Key: Green = existing Code. Red = new code to be enacted
Senate Bill No. 357

(By Senators Ross, Sharpe, Snyder, Sprouse, Ball and Kessler)

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[Introduced January 28, 1999;

referred to the Committee on Transportation.]

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A BILL to amend and reenact sections four, ten and twelve, article three, chapter seventeen-a of the code of West Virginia, one thousand nine hundred thirty-one, as amended; to further amend said article by adding thereto a new section, designated section seventeen-b; to amend and reenact section seven, article four of said chapter; to amend and reenact sections one, four, seven, eight and ten, article four-a of said chapter; to further amend said article by adding thereto a new section, designated section two-a; and to amend article six of said chapter by adding thereto a new section, designated section one-b, all relating to allowing the use of electronic transmission and recording of vehicle registration, title and lien information among dealers, banks and the division of motor vehicles; providing that a copy of the electronic record of a certificate of title or lien is admissible as evidence; authorizing dealers to issue vehicle registration documents and plates after collecting all fees and taxes; setting fees; providing criminal penalties for an agent of the division of motor vehicles who issues vehicle registration without first performing certain duties; providing for issuance of liens, titles and registration in electronic format; authorizing service providers to administer electronic exchange of information, documents and fees and to provide forms and materials; providing for revocation of authority; requiring bond; and providing that when a vehicle is subject to an electronic lien, the certificate of title shall be considered held by the lien-holder for certain purposes.

Be it enacted by the Legislature of West Virginia:
That sections four, ten and twelve, article three, chapter seventeen-a of the code of West Virginia, one thousand nine hundred thirty-one, as amended, be amended and reenacted; that said article be amended by adding thereto a new section, designated section seventeen-b; that section seven, article four of said chapter be amended and reenacted; that sections one, four, seven, eight and ten, article four-a of said chapter be amended and reenacted; that said article be further amended by adding thereto a new section, designated section two-a; and that article six of said chapter be amended by adding thereto a new section, designated section one-b, all to read as follows:
ARTICLE 3. ORIGINAL AND RENEWAL OF REGISTRATION; ISSUANCE OF CERTIFICATES OF TITLE.

§17A-3-4. Application for certificate of title; tax for privilege of certification of title; penalty for false swearing.

(a) Certificates of registration of any vehicle or registration plates therefor, whether original issues or duplicates, may not be issued or furnished by the division of motor vehicles or any other officer or agent charged with the duty, unless the applicant therefor already has received, or at the same time makes application for and is granted, an official certificate of title of the vehicle in either an electronic or paper format. The application shall be upon a blank form to be furnished by the division of motor vehicles and shall contain a full description of the vehicle, which description shall contain a manufacturer's serial or identification number or other number as determined by the commissioner and any distinguishing marks, together with a statement of the applicant's title and of any liens or encumbrances upon the vehicle, the names and addresses of the holders of the liens and any other information as the division of motor vehicles may require. The application shall be signed and sworn to by the applicant. A duly certified copy of the division's electronic record of a certificate of title shall be admissible in any civil, criminal or administrative proceeding in this state as evidence of ownership.
(b) A tax is hereby imposed upon the privilege of effecting the certification of title of each vehicle in the amount equal to five percent of the value of the motor vehicle at the time of the certification, to be assessed as follows:
(1) If the vehicle is new, the actual purchase price or consideration to the purchaser thereof is the value of the vehicle. If the vehicle is a used or secondhand vehicle, the present market value at time of transfer or purchase is the value thereof for the purposes of this section: Provided, That so much of the purchase price or consideration as is represented by the exchange of other vehicles on which the tax imposed by this section has been paid by the purchaser shall be deducted from the total actual price or consideration paid for the vehicle, whether the vehicle be new or secondhand. If the vehicle is acquired through gift, or by any manner whatsoever, unless specifically exempted in this section, the present market value of the vehicle at the time of the gift or transfer is the value thereof for the purposes of this section.
(2) No certificate of title for any vehicle may be issued to any applicant unless the applicant has paid to the division of motor vehicles the tax imposed by this section which is five percent of the true and actual value of the vehicle whether the vehicle is acquired through purchase, by gift or by any other manner whatsoever except gifts between husband and wife or between parents and children: Provided, That the husband or wife, or the parents or children, previously have paid the tax on the vehicles transferred to the state of West Virginia.
(3) The division of motor vehicles may issue a certificate of registration and title to an applicant if the applicant provides sufficient proof to the division of motor vehicles that the applicant has paid the taxes and fees required by this section to a motor vehicle dealership that has gone out of business or has filed bankruptcy proceedings in the United States bankruptcy court and the taxes and fees so required to be paid by the applicant have not been sent to the division by the motor vehicle dealership or have been impounded due to the bankruptcy proceedings: Provided, That the applicant makes an affidavit of the same and assigns all rights to claims for money the applicant may have against the motor vehicle dealership to the division of motor vehicles.
(4) The division of motor vehicles shall issue a certificate of registration and title to an applicant without payment of the tax imposed by this section if the applicant is a corporation, partnership or limited liability company transferring the vehicle to another corporation, partnership or limited liability company when the entities involved in the transfer are members of the same controlled group and the transferring entity has previously paid the tax on the vehicle transferred. For the purposes of this section, control means ownership, directly or indirectly, of stock or equity interests possessing fifty percent or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of the stock of a corporation or equity interests of a partnership or limited liability company entitled to vote or ownership, directly or indirectly, of stock or equity interests possessing fifty percent or more of the value of the corporation, partnership or limited liability company.
(5) The tax imposed by this section does not apply to vehicles to be registered as Class H vehicles or Class M vehicles, as defined in section one, article ten of this chapter, which are used or to be used in interstate commerce. Nor does the tax imposed by this section apply to the titling of Class B vehicles registered at a gross weight of fifty-five thousand pounds or more, or to the titling of Class C semitrailers, full trailers, pole trailers and converter gear: Provided, That if an owner of a vehicle has previously titled the vehicle at a declared gross weight of fifty-five thousand pounds or more and the title was issued without the payment of the tax imposed by this section, then before the owner may obtain registration for the vehicle at a gross weight less than fifty-five thousand pounds, the owner shall surrender to the commissioner the exempted registration, the exempted certificate of title and pay the tax imposed by this section based upon the current market value of the vehicle: Provided, however, That notwithstanding the provisions of section nine, article fifteen, chapter eleven of this code, the exemption from tax under this section for Class B vehicles in excess of fifty-five thousand pounds and Class C semitrailers, full trailers, pole trailers and converter gear may not subject the sale or purchase of the vehicles to the consumers sales tax.
(6) The tax imposed by this section does not apply to titling of vehicles leased by residents of West Virginia. A tax is hereby imposed upon the monthly payments for the lease of any motor vehicle leased by a resident of West Virginia, which tax is equal to five percent of the amount of the monthly payment, applied to each payment and continuing for the entire term of the initial lease period. The tax shall be remitted to the division of motor vehicles on a monthly basis by the lessor of the vehicle.
(7) The tax imposed by this section does not apply to titling of vehicles by a registered dealer of this state for resale only, nor does the tax imposed by this section apply to titling of vehicles by this state or any political subdivision thereof, or by any volunteer fire department or duly chartered rescue or ambulance squad organized and incorporated under the laws of the state of West Virginia as a nonprofit corporation for protection of life or property. The total amount of revenue collected by reason of this tax shall be paid into the state road fund and expended by the commissioner of highways for matching federal funds allocated for West Virginia. In addition to the tax, there is a charge of five dollars for each original certificate of title or duplicate certificate of title so issued: Provided, That this state or any political subdivision thereof, or any volunteer fire department, or duly chartered rescue squad is exempt from payment of the charge.
(8) The certificate is good for the life of the vehicle, so long as the vehicle is owned or held by the original holder of the certificate, and need not be renewed annually or any other time, except as provided in this section.
(9) If, by will or direct inheritance, a person becomes the owner of a motor vehicle and the tax imposed by this section previously has been paid, to the division of motor vehicles, on that vehicle, he or she is not required to pay the tax.
(10) A person who has paid the tax imposed by this section may not be required to pay the tax a second time for the same motor vehicle, but is required to pay a charge of five dollars for the certificate of retitle of that motor vehicle, except that the tax shall be paid by the person when the title to the vehicle has been transferred either in this or another state from the person to another person and transferred back to the person.
(c) Notwithstanding any provisions of this code to the contrary, the owners of trailers, semitrailers, recreational vehicles and other vehicles not subject to the certificate of title tax prior to the enactment of this chapter are subject to the privilege tax imposed by this section: Provided, That the certification of title of any recreational vehicle owned by the applicant on the thirtieth day of June, one thousand nine hundred eighty-nine, is not subject to the tax imposed by this section: Provided, however, That mobile homes, manufactured homes, modular homes and similar nonmotive propelled vehicles, except recreational vehicles and house trailers, susceptible of being moved upon the highways but primarily designed for habitation and occupancy, rather than for transporting persons or property, or any vehicle operated on a nonprofit basis and used exclusively for the transportation of mentally retarded or physically handicapped children when the application for certificate of registration for the vehicle is accompanied by an affidavit stating that the vehicle will be operated on a nonprofit basis and used exclusively for the transportation of mentally retarded and physically handicapped children, are not subject to the tax imposed by this section, but are taxable under the provisions of articles fifteen and fifteen-a, chapter eleven of this code.
(d) Any person making any affidavit required under any provision of this section, who knowingly swears falsely, or any person who counsels, advises, aids or abets another in the commission of false swearing or as an agent of the division of motor vehicles issues a vehicle registration without first collecting the fees and taxes or performs any other duty required by this chapter to be performed before a vehicle registration is issued is on the first offense guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than five hundred dollars or be imprisoned in the county or regional jail for a period not to exceed six months or, in the discretion of the court, both fined and imprisoned. For a second or any subsequent conviction within five years, that person is guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than five thousand dollars or be imprisoned in the penitentiary for not less than one year nor more than five years or, in the discretion of the court, fined and imprisoned.
(e) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this section, any person in the military stationed outside West Virginia, or his or her dependents who possess a motor vehicle with valid registration, are exempt from the provisions of this article for a period of nine months from the date that that the person returns to this state or the date his or her the dependent returns to this state, whichever is later.
(f) After the first day of July, one thousand nine hundred ninety-seven, no person may transfer, purchase or sell a factory-built home without a certificate of title issued by the commissioner in accordance with the provisions of this article:
(1) Any person who fails to provide a certificate of title upon the transfer, purchase or sale of a factory-built home is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall for the first offense be fined not less than one hundred dollars nor more than one thousand dollars, or be imprisoned in the county or regional jail for not more than one year or, both fined and imprisoned. For each subsequent offense, the fine may be increased to not more than two thousand dollars, with imprisonment in the county or regional jail not more than one year or, both fined and imprisoned.
(2) Failure of the seller to transfer a certificate of title upon sale or transfer of the factory-built home gives rise to a cause of action, upon prosecution thereof, and allows for the recovery of damages, costs and reasonable attorney fees.
(g) Notwithstanding any other provision to the contrary, whenever reference is made to the application for or issuance of any title or the recordation or release of any lien, it shall be understood to include the application, transmission, recordation, transfer of ownership and storage of information in an electronic format.
§17A-3-10. Division to issue registration card; duplicate to county assessor.

The department division upon registering a vehicle, or an agent of the division upon collecting the required fees and taxes in accordance with the provisions of section one-b, article six of this chapter, shall issue a registration card to be delivered to the owner and containing thereon the date issued, the name and address of the owner, the registration number assigned to the vehicle and such description of the vehicle as determined by the commissioner. The division shall send a duplicate of said registration card shall be sent to the assessor of the county in which the owner resides, or in cases of nonresidents of the state, to the assessor of the county wherein the vehicle is located.
§17A-3-12. Commissioner to issue certificate of title; signatures on certificate; certificate of title to be delivered to owner or lienor.

(a) The commissioner, if satisfied that the applicant for a certificate of title is the owner of such vehicle, or otherwise entitled to have the same registered in his the applicant's name, shall issue an appropriate certificate of title in either an electronic or paper format. The certificate of title in an electronic format shall contain all of the information required by this section.

(b) The certificate of title shall contain upon the face thereof the date issued, the name and address of the owner, such the description of the vehicle as determined by the commissioner, and a statement of the owner's title and of all liens and encumbrances upon the vehicle therein described and whether possession is held by the owner under a lease, contract of conditional sale or other like agreement, and shall bear thereon the seal of the department division.
(c) The certificate of title shall contain upon the reverse side a space for the signature of the owner and the owner shall write his or her name with pen and ink in such the space upon receipt of the certificate. Such The certificate shall also contain upon the reverse side forms for assignment of title or interest and warranty thereof by the owner with space for notation of liens and encumbrances upon the vehicle at the time of a transfer.
(d) The commissioner, upon issuing a certificate of title, shall deliver same in either an electronic or paper format to the person who holds legal title to the vehicle described on the face of said certificate: Provided, That when a certificate of title is issued showing upon the face thereof a lien or encumbrance of liens or encumbrances, such the certificate of title shall be delivered to the lienholder in either an electronic or paper format
in order of priority. It shall be unlawful and constitute a misdemeanor for a lienor who holds a certificate of title, as hereinabove in this section provided, to refuse or fail to surrender such the certificate of title to the person legally entitled thereto within ten days after the lien or encumbrance or liens or encumbrances shown on the face thereof shall have been paid and satisfied.
§17A-3-17b. Application for registration; certain motor vehicle dealers authorized to issue certificates of registration for certain vehicles.

The division may authorize a new motor vehicle dealer or a used motor vehicle dealer as defined and licensed in accordance with the provisions of article six of this chapter to issue, transfer and renew motor vehicle registrations, issue renewal decals and issue registration plates upon compliance with the provisions of section one-b, article six of this chapter. The division shall provide to an authorized new motor vehicle dealer or used motor vehicle dealer the necessary supplies, registration plates, registration decals and instructions necessary for issuance, transfer and renewal of motor vehicle registrations. The division may authorize a service provider to distribute the necessary supplies.
ARTICLE 4. TRANSFERS OF TITLE OR INTEREST.

§17A-4-7. Release by lienholder to owner.

A person holding a lien or encumbrance as shown upon a certificate of title upon a vehicle may release such the lien or encumbrance or assign his or her interest to the owner without affecting the registration of said the vehicle. The department division, upon receiving an electronic acknowledgment of a release of lien from the lienholder or a certificate of title upon which a lienholder has released or assigned his or her interest to the owner or upon receipt of a certificate of title not so endorsed but accompanied by a legal release from a lienholder of this interest in or to a vehicle, shall issue a new certificate of title as upon an original application. The division, upon receiving an electronic acknowledgment of a release of lien from the lienholder shall issue, without further application or fee a new certificate of title free of any lien or encumbrance to the vehicle owner to the address shown in the division's records.
ARTICLE 4A. LIENS AND ENCUMBRANCES ON VEHICLES TO BE SHOWN ON CERTIFICATE OF TITLE, NOTICE TO CREDITORS AND PURCHASERS.

§17A-4A-1. Certificate to show liens or encumbrances.

The department division upon receiving an application for a certificate of title to a vehicle, trailer, semitrailer, pole trailer, factory-built home or recreational vehicle for which a certificate of title is required under article three of this chapter, all of which are hereinafter in this article referred to as vehicles, showing liens or encumbrances upon the vehicle, shall, upon issuing to the owner thereof a certificate of title therefor, show upon the face of the certificate of title all liens or encumbrances disclosed by the application. All liens or encumbrances shall be shown in the order of their priority being according to the information contained in the application. When an application shows liens and encumbrances, the information as evidence of the lien in connection therewith as the department division may deem consider necessary shall also be furnished. The information shall include the name and address of the lienholder, the nature and kind of the lien, the date thereof and the amount thereby secured. However, only the name and address of the lienholder will be endorsed on the title certificate. Upon issuing the certificate, the department division shall thereupon send or deliver it by either paper or electronic means to the holder of the first lien.
§17A-4A-2a. Electronic transfer of liens.
(a) Notwithstanding any requirement in this chapter that a lien on a motor vehicle shall be noted on the face of the certificate of title, if there are one or more liens or encumbrance on a vehicle, trailer, semitrailer, pole trailer, factory-built home or recreational vehicle, the division may electronically transmit the lien to the first lienholder and notify the first lienholder of any additional liens. Subsequent lien satisfactions may be electronically transmitted to the division and shall include the name and address of the person satisfying the lien and any other information required by the division as a condition of participating in the electronic lien information exchange program.
(b) The division may enter into agreements with a service provider or providers to administer the electronic exchange of lien information between dealers, financial institutions and the division. For the purposes of this section the term financial institutions shall have the same meaning as defined in section ten-b, article six of this chapter.
(c) When electronic transmission of liens and lien satisfaction is used, a hard copy certificate of title need not be issued until the last lien is satisfied and a clear hard copy certificate of title is issued to the owner of the vehicle. When a vehicle is subject to an electronic lien, the certificate of title for the vehicle shall be considered to be physically held by the lien holder for the purpose of compliance with state and federal odometer disclosure requirements and for any other requirement of this code. A duly certified copy of the division's electronic record of the lien shall be admissible in any civil, criminal or administrative proceeding in this state as evidence of the existence of the lien.
(d) For the purposes of this chapter, whenever reference is made by this code to the physical production of a certificate of title as a paper document, or reference to the completion of information related to recording a lien as a paper document, the reference shall be understood to also include the transmission and recordation of the information in an electronic format.
§17A-4A-4. Deferred purchase money lien or encumbrance may be filed within sixty days after purchase; effective date of lien; dealer to record lien; fees.

(a) A deferred purchase money lien or encumbrance upon any motor vehicle may be perfected by recording the name and address of the lienholder upon the face of the certificate of title for such the motor vehicle. If an application for such a certificate of title is filed with the division of motor vehicles within sixty days after the date of purchase of the motor vehicle, the effective date of the lien or encumbrance shall be the date the lien or encumbrance was created. If an application for such a certificate of title is not filed within such the sixty-day period, the lien shall be perfected from the date it was filed with the division of motor vehicles.
(b) In all transactions involving a deferred purchase money lien or encumbrance upon a motor vehicle, the motor vehicle dealer shall collect and remit to the division of motor vehicles the title, tax and registration fees required under section four, article three of this chapter and file and record with the division of motor vehicles any lien created as a result of such the transaction: Provided, That a motor vehicle dealer may remit the title, tax and registration fees through any license service that is licensed by the division of motor vehicles.
(c) No fee may be charged by a motor vehicle dealer for its services required under this section except that fee authorized by section one-b, article six of this chapter, or subdivision (6), subsection (a), section one hundred nine, article three, chapter forty-six-a of this code.
§17A-4A-7. Release of lien or encumbrance shown on certificate of title.

An owner upon securing the release of any lien or encumbrance upon a vehicle shown upon the certificate of title issued therefor may exhibit the document evidencing such release, signed by the person or persons making such the release and acknowledged before a notary public or someone authorized by the laws of this state to take acknowledgments of deeds, and this document together with the certificate of title shall be returned to the department division; or the lienholder may release the lien by endorsing across the lien in his or her favor on the face of the title or closely adjacent thereto the following words or words of similar effect or purport: "This lien, this day fully paid, satisfied and released, this day of ," and duly signing and executing said endorsement and acknowledging the same before a notary public and having said the notary public execute a certificate of such the acknowledgment in the form required for releasing deeds of trust in this state; or when it is impossible to secure either such release from the beneficiary or holder of the lien, the owner may exhibit to the department division whatever evidence may be available showing that the debt secured has been satisfied, together with a statement by the owner under oath that the debt has been paid and the certificate of title to such vehicle. The department division when satisfied as to the genuineness and regularity thereof shall issue to the owner either a new certificate of title in proper form or an endorsement or rider showing the release of the lien or encumbrance which the department division shall attach to the outstanding certificate of title. For the purposes of this article, the term release shall mean either an electronic or paper transaction format.
§17A-4A-8. Failure to execute release or to surrender certificate when lien paid.

It shall be unlawful and constitute a misdemeanor for a lienor who holds a certificate of title either electronically or in a paper format as provided in this article to refuse or fail to execute a release as provided for in the next preceding section, or to refuse or fail to surrender such the certificate of title to the person legally entitled thereto within fifteen days after his the lien shall have been paid and satisfied.
§17A-4A-10. Fee for recording and release of lien.

The department division of motor vehicles is hereby authorized to charge a fee of five dollars for the recording of any lien either in an electronic or paper format created by the voluntary act of the owner and endorsing it upon such the
title certificate issued pursuant to this article, and the department division of motor vehicles is hereby authorized to charge a fee of fifty cents for recordation of any release of a lien created by the voluntary act of the owner: Provided, That no charge shall be made for the endorsement and recordation of liens or releases thereof as provided under section nine of this article. No charge shall be made for the issuance of a title to the owner of a vehicle upon the receipt of an electronic release of the final lien.

ARTICLE 6. LICENSING OF DEALERS, WRECKERS OR DISMANTLERS; SPECIAL PLATES; TEMPORARY PLATES OR MARKERS.

§17A-6-1b. Dealers authorized to issue motor vehicle registration.

(a) Notwithstanding any other provision in this chapter, the division may allow a licensed new motor vehicle dealer or used motor vehicle dealer as defined in section one of this article, authority to issue, transfer or renew motor vehicle registrations for vehicles sold by the dealer. The authority to issue, transfer or renew motor vehicle registrations shall be contingent upon the dealer collecting all fees and taxes required for the titling and registration of vehicles, receiving proof of insurance as described in subsection (e), section three, article three of this chapter, and if applicable receiving the receipt showing full payment of personal property taxes in accordance with section three-a, article three of this chapter.
(b) Authorization to issue motor vehicle registrations shall be contingent on the dealer completing an application provided by the division and meeting all criteria established by the division. The authority shall also be contingent upon the dealer agreeing to participate fully in a computerized system of electronic submission of registration, titling and lien information and all fees and taxes required under the provisions of this chapter, either directly to the division or through an authorized service provider selected and approved by the division. Any transaction conducted under the provisions of this section shall be conditional pending the determination by the division that the application for title, registration and lien recordation is complete, accurate and in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.
(c) The authority to participate in the electronic transmission of title, registration and lien information shall be immediately revoked upon revocation or cancellation of a dealer's license issued under the provisions of this chapter: Provided, That the authority to issue, transfer or renew motor vehicle registrations may be revoked by the division immediately and separately from any other action against the dealer's license if the division determines that the terms of the agreement or agreements authorizing issuance, transfer or renewal of a vehicle registration or the electronic transmission of information have been violated.
(d) A fee no greater than sixteen dollars may be charged by a motor vehicle dealer for its services required under this section.
(e) Only Class A motor vehicle registrations of a type specified by the division may be issued, transferred or renewed by the authorized dealer.
(f) All fees and taxes collected by an authorized dealer under the provisions of this section shall be deposited in a financial institution designated by the division or the service provider in the manner prescribed by the division.
(g) The division may authorize a service provider to supply an authorized dealer with the necessary forms, supplies, registration plates and registration renewal decals necessary to enable the authorized dealer to perform the duties and functions specified in this section.
(1) Any service provider authorized to perform services under the provisions of this section shall post a bond of the applicant in the penal sum of one million dollars, in the form prescribed by the commissioner, conditioned that the applicant will not in the conduct of business practice any fraud which, or make any fraudulent representation which, shall cause a financial loss to any dealer, financial institution or agency, or the state of West Virginia, with a corporate surety thereon authorized to do business in this state, which bond shall be effective as of the date on which the authorization to provide services commences.
(2) The service provider is solely responsible for the inventory, tracking, safety and reconciliation of all supplies, registration plates, registration decals or other motor vehicle credentialing items in accordance with procedures established by the division and subject to audits by the division.
(3) The division may rescind without notice the authority of a service provider to perform services when the division has cause to believe that any state or federal law has been violated or that the service provider is not adhering to the terms and conditions of the authorization agreement.
(h) The service provider and the authorized dealer assume full responsibility for the care, custody, control, disclosure and use of any information provided by the division in order to execute the duties and responsibilities required by this section. Each service provider and each authorized dealer agrees to insure that the disclosure of information to it and its handling of information received from the division complies with all federal and state statutes and division directives governing the disclosure and protection of such information.

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(NOTE: The purpose of this bill is to allow the use of electronic transmission of vehicle registration, title and lien information among dealers, banks and the Division of Motor Vehicles, to authorize dealers to issue vehicle registration documents after collecting all fees and taxes, and to permit service providers to offer transmission services for the transfer of lien information, registration documents and fees among dealers, banks and the DMV.

Strike-throughs indicate language that would be stricken from the present law, and underscoring indicates new language that would be added.

§§17A-3-17b, 17A-4A-2a and 17A-6-1b are new; therefore, strike-throughs and underscoring have been omitted.)
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