H. B. 2901
(By Delegates Fleischauer, Compton,
Coleman, Caputo and Collins)
[Introduced February 25, 1999; referred to the
Committee on Government Organization.]
A BILL to amend and reenact sections one, two and three, article
twenty-five-c, chapter thirty-three of the code of West
Virginia, one thousand nine hundred thirty-one, as amended;
and to further amend said article by adding thereto fourteen
new sections, designated sections two-a, two-b, four, five,
six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen,
fourteen and fifteen, all relating to the patients' bill of
rights; defining additional terms; stating legislative
purpose and intent; providing that the article applies to
all managed care entities operating within the state;
providing for notice of certain subscribers' rights;
providing for access to personnel and facilities; providing
for standards regarding emergency services; providing for
choice of health care professionals; providing for the
prohibition of gag rules; providing for coverage for drugs and devices; requiring disclosures regarding experimental
treatments; providing for quality assurance programs;
providing for data systems and confidentiality; providing
for clinical decisionmaking; providing for oversight
authority; and establishing a grievance procedure, review
and appeals.
Be it enacted by the Legislature of West Virginia:
That sections one, two and three, article twenty-five-c,
chapter thirty-three of the code of West Virginia, one thousand
nine hundred thirty-one, as amended, be amended and reenacted;
and that said article be further amended by adding thereto
fourteen new sections, designated sections two-a, two-b, four,
five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen,
fourteen and fifteen, all to read as follows:
ARTICLE 25C. HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION 1999 PATIENT BILL
OF RIGHTS.
§33-25C-1. Title.
This article may be referred to as the "
1999 Patients' Bill
of Rights."
§33-25C-2. Definitions.
(a) "Appeal" means a formal process whereby an enrollee,
whose care has been reduced, denied, or terminated or whereby the
enrollee deems the care inappropriate, can contest an adverse grievance decision by the health care services plan.
(a) (b) "Commissioner" means the commissioner of insurance.
(c) "Emergency" means a medical condition, the onset of
which is sudden and unexpected, that manifests itself by symptoms
of sufficient severity, that a prudent layperson, who possesses
an average knowledge of health and medicine, could reasonably
assume that the condition requires immediate medical treatment,
and could expect the absence of medical attention to result in
serious impairment to bodily functions or place the person's
health in serious jeopardy.
(d) "Enrollee" means an individual who is enrolled in the
managed care entity.
(e) "Expedited review" means a review process which takes no
more than seventy-two hours after the review is commenced.
(f) "Experimental treatment" means treatment that, while not
commonly used for a particular condition or illness, nevertheless
is recognized for treatment of the particular condition or
illness, and there is no clearly superior, nonexperimental
treatment alternative available to the enrollee.
(g) "Grievance" means a written complaint submitted by or on
behalf of the enrollee.
(h) "Health care provider" means a clinic, hospital
physician organization, preferred provider organization,
independent practice association, or other appropriately licensed provider of health care services or supplies.
(i) "Health care professional" means a physician or other
health care practitioner providing health care services.
(j) "Health care services" means services for the diagnosis,
prevention or treatment of a health condition, illness, injury or
disease.
(k) "Managed care entity" means any entity including a
licensed insurance company, hospital or medical service plan,
health maintenance organization, limited health services
organization, preferred provider organization, third-party
administrator or any person or entity that establishes, operates
or maintains a network of participating health care
professionals.
(b) (l) "Managed care plan" or "plan" means any health
maintenance organization or prepaid limited health care
organization
that provides for the financing and delivery of
health care services to persons enrolled in the plan, with
financial incentives for persons enrolled in the plan to use the
participating health care professionals and procedures covered by
the plan.
(m) "Participating practitioner" means a health care
professional who has entered into an agreement with a managed
care entity to provide health care services to an enrollee in the
managed care plan.
(n) "Point of service option" means an option for the
enrollee to choose to receive service from a nonparticipating
health care professional or provider.
(o) "Primary care practitioner" means a fully licensed
health care professional under contract with the plan, who has
been designated by the plan to coordinate, supervise, and/or
provide ongoing care to the enrollee and includes: (i) Primary
care physicians; and (ii) physician assistants and nurse
practitioners.
(c) (p) "Provider" means any physician, hospital or other
person or organization which is licensed or otherwise authorized
in this state to provide health care services or supplies.
(q) "Prudent layperson" is a person without specific medical
training for the illness or condition in question who acts as a
reasonable person would under similar circumstances.
(r) "Quality assurance" means the ongoing evaluation of the
quality of health care provided to enrolles.
§33-25C-2a. Purpose and intent.
The purpose of this article is to ensure that enrollees
receive adequate health care services under a managed care
system. The intent of this article is to ensure that:
(a) Enrollees have full and timely access to appropriate
health care personnel and facilities;
(b) Enrollees have adequate choice among qualified health care professionals;
(c) There is open communication between physicians and
enrollees;
(d) Enrollees have access to comprehensive pharmaceutical
services;
(e) Enrollees have access to information regarding limits on
coverage of experimental treatments;
(f) There is high quality of care within a managed care
plan;
(g) Medical decisions are made by the appropriate medical
personnel;
(h) Health care professionals within a plan are
practitioners in good standing;
(i) Managed care plan data are available as appropriate;
(j) There is full public access to information regarding
health care service delivery within plans;
(k) The state has authority to oversee all managed care
plans;
(l) There is a fair vehicle for resolving enrollee
complaints in a managed care system; and
(m) There is timely resolution of enrollee grievances and
appeals.
§33-25C-2b. Applicability and scope.
This article applies to all managed care entities operating within the state.
§33-25C-3. Notice of certain subscriber rights.
All managed care plans must provide to subscribers on a form
prescribed by the commissioner a notice of certain subscriber
rights. The notice shall address the following areas:
(1) A description of an enrollee's rights and
responsibilities, plan benefits, benefit limitations, premiums,
and individual cost-sharing requirements;
(1) (2) The ability of the subscriber to pursue grievance
and hearing procedures without reprisal from the managed care
plan
, along with an explanation of the plan's enrollee complaint
procedure, including the appeals procedure for care denied,
terminated or reduced;
(2) (3) A description of the plan's provider network,
including the names and credentials of all participating
physicians in the network, which further details how the
subscriber may choose providers within the plan;
(3) (4) The subscriber's right to privacy and
confidentiality;
(4) (5) The subscriber's ability to examine and offer
corrections to
their his or her own medical records;
(5) (6) The subscriber's right to be informed of plan
policies and any charges for which the subscriber will be
responsible;
(6) (7) The subscriber's ability to obtain evidence of the
medical credentials of a plan provider such as diploma and board
certifications;
(7) (8) The right of
subscriber's subscribers to have
coverage denials reviewed by appropriate medical professionals
consistent with plan review procedures;
(9) A description of procedures to obtain emergency services
and out of area services;
(10) The right of an enrollee to disenroll from the plan if
his or her physician or specialist leaves the plan; and
(8) (11) Any other areas the commissioner may by rule
require.
§33-25C-4. Access to personnel and facilities.
(a) Each managed care plan shall include a sufficient number
and type of primary care practitioners and specialists,
throughout the service area, to meet the needs of enrollees and
to provide meaningful choice. Each managed care plan shall
demonstrate that it offers:
(1) An adequate number of accessible acute care hospital
services, within a reasonable distance and/or travel time;
(2) An adequate number of accessible primary care
practitioners, within a reasonable distance and/or travel time:
Provided, That primary care practitioners include family practice and general practice physicians, internists,
obstetrician/gynecologists, pediatricians, physician assistants
and nurse practitioners;
(3) An adequate number of accessible specialists and
subspecialists, within a reasonable distance and/or travel time:
Provided, That when the type of medical specialist needed for a
specific condition is not represented on the specialty panel,
enrollees shall be afforded access to nonparticipating health
care professionals at no additional cost to the enrollee;
(4) The availability of specialty medical services,
including physical therapy, occupational therapy and
rehabilitation services; and
(5) The availability of nonpanel specialists, when a
patient's unique medical circumstances warrant it.
(b) Each managed care plan shall provide for continuity of
care with established primary care practitioners as follows:
(1) When the health care professional's contract is
terminated, the plan shall allow enrollees, at no additional
out-of-pocket cost, to continue receiving services from a primary
care practitioner whose contract with the plan is terminated
without cause. This continuance shall be effective for sixty
days when the enrollee requests continued care;
(2) When the employer of the enrollee switches plans, the
plan shall allow enrollees, at no additional out-of-pocket cost, to continue receiving services from his or her primary care
practitioner. This continuance shall be effective for sixty days
when the enrollee requests continued care;
(3) When either the employer of the enrollee switches plans,
or when the health care professional's contract is terminated by
the plan, the plan shall permit enrollees undergoing active
treatment for an episode of illness or at anytime during a
pregnancy, to continue to receive medically necessary covered
services from the physician for up to sixty days or through post- partum care related to delivery:
Provided, That the provider who
is rendering services to an enrollee covered by this subsection
shall agree: To accept reimbursement from the managed care plan
at rates established by the managed care plan for applicable
providers; to provide information to the managed care plan on
services provided to an enrollee; and to adhere to the
utilization review and care management protocols established by
the plan;
(4) When a managed care plan becomes insolvent or ceases
operations, covered services to enrollees will continue through
the period for which a premium has been paid to the managed care
plan on behalf of the covered person or until the covered
person's discharge from an inpatient facility, whichever is
greater. At no time may a participating provider collect or
attempt to collect from a covered person any money owed to the provider by the terminated managed care plan; and
(5) Each managed care plan shall provide necessary
preventive health services, ambulatory services and acute care
services, and ongoing care management services for enrollees with
chronic or disabling conditions.
(c) Each managed care plan shall provide telephone access to
the managed care plan for sufficient time during business and
evening hours to ensure enrollee access for routine care, and
twenty-four-hour telephone access to either the plan or a
participating provider or practitioner, for emergency care or
authorization for care.
(d) Each managed care plan shall establish reasonable
standards for waiting times to obtain appointments, except as
provided below for emergency services. These standards shall
include appointment scheduling guidelines based on the type
of health care service, including prenatal care appointments,
well-child visits and immunizations, routine physicals, follow-up
appointments for chronic conditions and urgent care.
(e) Each managed care plan shall demonstrate that it has
developed an access plan to meet the needs of vulnerable and
under-served populations:
(1) When a significant number of enrollees in the plan
speaks a first language other than English, the plan shall
provide access to personnel fluent in languages other than English, to the greatest extent possible; and
(2) The plan shall develop standards for continuity of care
following enrollment, including sufficient information on how to
access care within the plan.
(f) Each managed care plan shall hold enrollees harmless
against claims from participating practitioners in the managed
care plan for payment of the cost of covered health services.
§33-25C-5. Emergency services.
(a) Each managed care plan shall cover and reimburse
expenses for emergency care obtained, without prior
authorization, in situations where a prudent layperson could
reasonably believe the condition required immediate attention at
the nearest facility.
(b) Each emergency department who treats an enrollee shall
call the managed care plan within thirty minutes of the point
that the member is stabilized to discuss any proposed services
not necessary to stabilize the patient; further, the managed care
plan shall respond to a request to provide care from the
emergency department within thirty minutes from when the request
is made, unless the process provided in this subsection is waived
by the managed care plan.
§33-25C-6. Choice of health care professionals.
(a) Each enrollee shall be afforded an adequate choice among managed care plan health care professionals who are accessible
and qualified.
(b) Each managed care plan shall permit enrollees to choose
their own primary care practitioner from a list of health care
professionals within the plan. Each managed care plan shall
permit enrollees to switch, at any time, from one primary care
practitioner to another within the plan. This list shall be
updated as health care professionals are added or removed and
shall include:
(1) A sufficient number of primary care practitioners who
are accepting new enrollees; and
(2) A sufficient mix of primary care practitioners that
reflects a diversity that is adequate to meet the needs of the
enrolled population's varied characteristics, including age,
gender, race and health status.
(c) Each managed care plan shall develop a system to permit
enrollees to use a personal physician other than a primary care
physician when the enrollee's medical conditions warrant it.
This may include enrollees suffering from chronic diseases as
well as those with other special needs.
(d) Each managed care plan shall provide continuity of care
and appropriate referral to specialists within the plan, when
specialty care is warranted:
(1) Enrollees shall be afforded access to medical specialists on a timely basis; and
(2) Enrollees shall be provided with a choice of specialists
when a referral is made.
(e) Each managed care plan shall offer an indemnity
option, a point-of-service option and a managed care plan. The
point-of-service option may require that the enrollee in the plan
pay a reasonable portion of the costs of such out-of-plan care.
(f) Each plan shall provide enrollees with access to a
consultation for a second opinion.
§33-25C-7. Gag rules.
(a) A managed care plan may not contract with a health care
provider to limit the health care professional's disclosure to an
enrollee or on behalf of an enrollee any information relating to
his or her medical condition or treatment options.
(b) A health care professional may not be penalized, or his
or her contract with the managed care plan terminated, because
the health care professional offers referrals, or discusses
medically necessary or appropriate care with, or on behalf of,
the enrollee:
(1) All treatment options may be discussed; and
(2) Other information, determined by the health care
professional to be in the best interests of the enrollee may be
disclosed.
(c) A health care professional may not be penalized for discussing financial incentives and financial arrangements
between the health care professional and the managed care entity.
§33-25C-8. Drugs and devices.
(a) Each managed care plan shall provide coverage for all
drugs and devices approved by the United States food and drug
administration, whether or not that drug or device has been
approved for the specific treatment or condition, so long as the
primary care practitioner or other medical specialist treating
the enrollee determines the drug or device is medically necessary
and appropriate for the enrollee's condition.
(b) Each managed care service plan shall establish and
operate a drug utilization review program that includes the
following:
(1) Retrospective review of prescription drugs furnished to
enrollees; and
(2) Education of physicians, enrollees and pharmacists
regarding the appropriate use of prescription drugs.
(c) Each managed care plan shall provide for a drug
utilization review program with ongoing periodic examination of
data on outpatient prescription drugs to ensure quality
therapeutic outcomes for enrollees:
(1) The drug utilization review program's primary emphasis
shall be to enhance quality of care for enrollees by assuring
appropriate drug therapy; and
(2) The drug utilization review program shall include the
following:
(A) Clinically relevant criteria and standards for drug
therapy;
(B) Nonproprietary criteria and standards, developed and
revised through an open, professional consensus process; and
(C) Interventions which focus on improving therapeutic
outcomes.
(3) The confidentiality of the relationship between
enrollees and health care professionals shall be protected at all
times.
(d) The health care services plan shall provide an
educational outreach program as part of the drug utilization
review program:
(1) The outreach program shall be directed to enrollees,
pharmacists and other health care professionals; and
(2) The outreach program shall emphasize the appropriate use
of prescription drugs.
(e) Prospective review of drug therapy may only deny
services in cases of enrollee ineligibility, coverage limitations
or fraud; and
(f) The prescribing health care professional shall determine
the appropriate drug therapy for the enrollee; no substitutions
shall be made without the direct approval of the prescriber.
§33-25C-9. Experimental treatments.
(a) A managed care plan which limits coverage for services
shall define the limitation and disclose the limits in any
agreement or certificate of coverage. This disclosure shall
include:
(1) Who is authorized to make such a determination; and
(2) The criteria the plan uses to determine whether a
service is experimental.
(b) A managed care plan that denies coverage for an
experimental treatment, procedure, drug or device for an enrollee
who has a terminal condition or illness shall provide the
enrollee with a denial letter within twenty working days of the
submitted request. The letter shall include:
(1) The name and title of the individual making the
decision;
(2) A statement setting forth the specific medical and
scientific reasons for denying coverage;
(3) A description of alternative treatment, services or
supplies covered by the plan, if any; and
(4) A copy of the plan's grievance and appeal procedure.
§33-25C-10. Quality assurance program.
(a) The managed care plan shall develop comprehensive
quality assurance standards, adequate to identify, evaluate and remedy problems relating to access, continuity and quality of
care. These standards shall include:
(1) An ongoing, written, internal quality assurance program;
(2) Specific written guidelines for quality of care studies
and monitoring, including attention to vulnerable populations;
(3) Performance and clinical outcomes-based criteria;
(4) A procedure for remedial action to correct quality
problems, including written procedures for taking appropriate
corrective action;
(5) A plan for data gathering and assessment; and
(6) A peer review process.
(b) Each managed care plan shall have a process for
selection of health care professionals who will be on the plan's
participating practitioner list, with written policies and
procedures for review and approval used by the plan:
(1) The plan shall establish minimum professional
requirements;
(2) The plan shall demonstrate that it has consulted with
appropriately qualified health care professionals to establish
the requirements;
(3) The plan's process shall include verification of the
individual practitioner's license, history of suspension or
revocation and liability claims history; and
(4) Each managed care plan shall establish a formal, written, ongoing, process for the reevaluation of all
participating physicians within a specified number of years after
the initial acceptance:
Provided, That reevaluations shall
include updates of the previous review criteria and an assessment
of the performance pattern based on criteria including enrollee
clinical outcomes, number of complaints and malpractice actions.
(c) The plans shall not use a health care professional
beyond, or outside of, his or her legally authorized scope of
practice.
§33-25C-11. Distribution of consumer guides.
Each plan shall publish and widely distribute on an annual
basis a consumer guide on managed care plan performance to assist
consumers, employers, and government purchasers in the selection
of managed care plans. The comparative performance information
in the consumer guide must include, at a minimum: Premium
prices; cost-sharing requirements; benefit coverage descriptions;
benefit limitations; clinical and service quality indicators;
disenrollment rates; and enrollee satisfaction rates.
§33-25C-12. Data systems and confidentiality.
(a) The managed care plan shall provide information on a
plan's structure, decision making process, health care benefits
and exclusions, cost and cost-sharing requirements, list of
contracting providers and health care professionals as well as grievance and appeal procedures to all potential enrollees, all
enrollees covered by the plan, and to the state oversight agency.
(b) The managed care plan shall collect and report annually
to the state oversight agency specified data including:
(1) Gross outpatient and hospital utilization data;
(2) Enrollee clinical outcome data;
(3) The number and types of enrollee grievances or
complaints during the year, the status of decisions, and the
average time required to reach a decision; and
(4) The number, amount and disposition of malpractice claims
resolved during the year by the managed care plan and any of its
participating health care professionals.
(c) All data, as specified in subsections (a) and (b) of
this section, shall be reported to the state oversight agency and
shall be available to the public on a timely basis.
(d) The managed care plan shall establish written policies
and procedures for the handling of medical records and enrollees
communications to ensure enrollee confidentiality.
(e) The managed care plan shall ensure the confidentiality
of specified enrollee information, including, but not limited to,
prior medical history, medical record information and claims
information, except where disclosure of this information is
required by law.
(f) The managed care plan shall be prohibited from releasing any individual patient record information, unless such release is
authorized in writing by the enrollee.
§33-25C-13. Clinical decision making.
(a) The managed care plan shall appoint a medical director
who is a physician licensed to practice in this state. The
medical director is responsible for treatment policies,
protocols, quality assurance activities and utilization
management decisions of the plan.
(b) The managed care plan shall inform enrollees of the
financial arrangements between the plan and contracting
physicians and pharmacists, if those arrangements include
incentives or bonuses for restriction of services.
§33-25C-14. Oversight authority.
(a) The insurance commissioner shall identify an agency
within state government, or shall contract with an outside
entity, to oversee managed care plans operating within the state.
(b) The state oversight agency is hereby authorized to
oversee managed care plans operating within this state.
(c) No managed care plan may operate in this state unless it
has been legally authorized by the state oversight agency.
(d) The state oversight agency shall perform audits on an
annual basis, to review enrollee clinical outcome data, enrollee
service data, operational and other financial data.
(e) Nothing in this article may preclude the state oversight
agency from investigating complaints, grievances or appeals on
behalf of enrollees or health care professionals.
(f) The state oversight agency shall develop:
(1) Standards for compliance of plans regarding mandated
requirements; and
(2) Legislative rules relating to types of penalties for
violations.
§33-25C-15. Grievance procedures, reviews and appeals.
(a) The managed care plan shall provide written notification
to enrollees, in a language calculated to be understood by
enrollees, regarding the right to file a grievance. At a
minimum, notification shall be given:
(1) Prior to enrollment in the plan; and
(2) At the time care is denied or limited under the plan.
(b) At the time of a denial, the plan shall notify the
enrollee of the right to file a grievance:
(1) The notice shall be written; and
(2) The notice shall include the reason for denial, the name
of the individual responsible for the decision, the criteria for
determination, and the enrollee's right to file a grievance.
(c) The grievance procedure shall include:
(1) Identification of the reviewing body and an explanation
of the process of review;
(2) An initial investigation and review;
(3) Notification within a reasonable amount of time of the
outcome of the grievance; and
(4) An appeal procedure.
(d) The managed care plan shall set reasonable time limits
for each part of the review process, but in no case may the
review extend beyond thirty days.
(e) The managed care plan shall provide for expedited review
for cases involving an imminent, emergent or serious threat to
the health of the enrollee:
(1) The plan shall immediately inform the enrollee of this
right; and
(2) The plan must provide the enrollee with a written
statement of the disposition or pending status of the grievance
within seventy-two hours of the commencement of the review
process.
(f) The managed care plan shall report to the state
oversight agency the number of grievances and appeals received by
the plan within a specified time period including, if applicable,
the outcomes or current status of the grievances and/or appeals
as well as the average time taken to resolve both grievances and
appeals.
NOTE: The purpose of this bill is to amend the "Patient's
Bill of Rights" to enhance statutory protection for consumers of
managed health care plans.
Strike-throughs indicate language that would be stricken
from the present law, and underscoring indicates new language
that would be added.
§§33-25C-2a, 2b and 4 through 15 are new; therefore,
strike-throughs and underscoring have been omitted.
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