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WEST virginia legislature
2024 regular session
Engrossed
Committee Substitute
for
Senate Bill 196
By Senators Trump, Deeds, Plymale, Jeffries, Takubo, and Taylor
[Originating in the Committee on Outdoor Recreation; reported January 22, 2024]
A BILL to amend and reenact §5B-1A-1, §5B-1A-2, §5B-1A-3, §5B-1A-4, §5B-1A-5, §5B-1A-6, §5B-1A-7, §5B-1A-8, and §5B-1A-9 of the Code of West Virginia, 1931, as amended, all relating to establishing the West Virginia Rail Trails Program consisting of rail-to-trail and rail with trail programs; updating definitions to include a definition of "rail with trail"; expanding State Rail Authority to acquire railroad rights-of-way and land for both trail programs; clarifying that rail-to-trail program may not unreasonably limit ability to restore rail service on railroad rights-of-way; and expanding limitation of, and exception to, liability to railroad owners under certain circumstances.
Be it enacted by the Legislature of West Virginia:
The Legislature hereby declares that the long-term value to the public of retaining networks of abandoned inactive railroad corridor lines is substantial, not only for the preservation of corridors for future rail transportation uses, but in terms of providing interim recreational use, providing public open space and linking together other community areas and recreational spaces, providing for efficient and convenient placement of underground utilities and telecommunication lines, providing environmental greenways and wildlife habitat, providing public access to other forms of recreation, and improving economic development opportunities associated with all of the above listed multiple uses.
There is continued within the state rail authority Division of Multimodal Transportation Facilities provided for in article eighteen, chapter twenty-nine §17-16F-1 et seq. of this code the West Virginia Rails to Rail Trails Program, the purpose of which is to acquire or assist with the acquisition of, and to develop or assist with the development of, abandoned railroad rights-of-way for interim use as public nonmotorized recreational trails.
As used in this article:
(1) "Abandoned Inactive railroad rights-of-way" means land, rights-of-way, easements, or other interests in land on which discontinuance of rail service has been: authorized by the interstate commerce commission (a) Abandoned; (b) discontinued; (c) temporarily suspended; or (d) or (c) railbanked under federal law by authority of the federal Surface Transportation Board or its successor agency.
(2) "Division" means the Division of Tourism and parks.
(3) (2) "Nonmotorized recreational trail use" means bicycle riding bicycles, including e-bikes as permitted by statute, hiking, cross-country skiing, horseback riding, riding a horse-drawn wagon, jogging, or other similar activities as permitted by the organization operating the trail with which the Division of Multimodal Transportation Facilities has an agreement pursuant to §5B-1A-4 of this code.
(4) (3) "Rail bank" means the holding intact of an abandoned inactive railroad right-of-way for future railroad service.
(5) (4) "Rail-to-trail" means an abandoned inactive railroad right-of-way being utilized in the interim for as a public nonmotorized recreational trail use.
(5) "Rail with trail" means a shared-use path or trail open and developed for nonmotorized recreational use by the public that is located on or adjacent to the right-of-way of an active railroad.
(6) "Railroad right-of-way" means fee land, rights-of-way, easements, leaseholds, and other interests in land owned or formerly owned by a railroad company and used or formerly used for railroad purposes.
(7) "Trail" as used in this article means a rail-to-trail, a rail with trail, or both, as the context requires.
The state rail authority Division of Multimodal Transportation Facilities is authorized to:
(1) Enter into agreements with any person on behalf of the state to acquire an interest in any abandoned active or inactive railroad right-of-way, to develop, maintain, or promote any rail trails, created pursuant to the provisions of this article and to transfer the maintenance and operation of trails created and developed to government agencies or non-profit corporations or, with the consent of the director of the Division of Natural Resources, to transfer the maintenance and operation of rail trails created and developed to the Division of Natural Resources.
(2) Assist any state agency, political subdivision, or any person in acquiring an interest in any abandoned inactive railroad right-of-way and in developing, maintaining, or promoting rail trails.
(3) Evaluate existing and potential abandoned potentially inactive railroad rights-of-way so as to identify such suitable lands as may be suitable for nonmotorized recreational trail use.
(4) Establish state rail-to-trails or rail with trails, subject to the limitations on acquisition of land for state recreational facilities, as set forth in §20-1-20 of this code.
(a) The state rail authority Division of Multimodal Transportation Facilities shall hold fee simple title or any lesser interest in land, including easements and leaseholds, on all abandoned inactive railroad rights-of-way acquired by the state and utilized for interim nonmotorized recreational trail use pursuant to the provisions of this article, subject to any rail-banking requirements regarding future use of such inactive railroad rights-of-way. The state rail authority Division of Multimodal Transportation Facilities may, at the option of a political subdivision of this state, hold fee simple title or any lesser interest in land, including easements and leaseholds, on all abandoned inactive railroad rights-of-way acquired by such political subdivision and utilized for interim nonmotorized recreational trail use. Any provision of §20-1A-1 et seq. of this code to the contrary notwithstanding, the public land corporation shall not be vested with title to any abandoned inactive railroad right-of-way which becomes vested in the state pursuant to the provisions of this article.
(b) The state rail authority Division of Multimodal Transportation Facilities may acquire an interest in an abandoned inactive railroad right-of-way to be used as a rail trail in accordance with the provisions of section six, article eighteen, chapter twenty-nine §17-16F-4(8) of this code: Provided, That the Division of Multimodal Transportation Facilities do not use the power of eminent domain.
(c) The state rail authority Division of Multimodal Transportation Facilities shall issue a rail bank certificate for each abandoned inactive railroad right-of-way held by the state rail authority Division of Multimodal Transportation Facilities for interim nonmotorized recreational purposes trail use in accordance with the provisions of §5B-1A-6 of this code.
(a) No An abandoned inactive railroad right-of-way acquired by the state prior to the effective date of this article and used as a rail trail may not be used for any purpose that would unreasonably limit the ability to restore rail service over the right-of-way if such that service were to be required in the future.
(b) Any and all abandoned inactive railroad rights-of-way acquired by the state prior to the effective date of this article are hereby declared held for railroad transportation purposes as of the date of acquisition, until, by executive order of the Governor, the right-of-way is declared no longer suitable for a public transportation purpose as a railroad right-of-way. Such abandoned The inactive railroad rights-of-way shall not revert by operation of law to any other ownership while being held for future railroad use in accordance with the provisions of this article.
(a) Upon receipt of a notice to abandon, railbank, or to otherwise make inactive a railroad right-of-way by the owner thereof, the commissioner may enter into an agreement with the owners of the railroad right-of-way to preserve intact the railroad right-of-way for a period of time not to exceed three months to afford the state sufficient time to evaluate the potential for use by the state for the purposes of this article, and the funds available for acquisition.
(b) With regard to any land or an interest therein actually acquired by the state pursuant to the provisions of this article:
(1) Every specifically identified railroad right-of-way, including all bridges still in place, shall remain intact except for necessary modifications required to adapt the right-of-way for use as a nonmotorized recreational trail, except for where it is necessary for a motorized vehicle to cross the trail;
(2) Any abandoned inactive railroad right-of-way shall be used solely for nonmotorized recreational trail use, subject to such right-of-way being made available for future rail use, if necessary; and
(3) Any abandoned inactive railroad right-of-way acquired by the state pursuant to the provisions of this article shall be deemed to be held for railroad use and in continuation of the railroad easement and shall not revert by operation of law to any other ownership during the term of the agreement or during the term of a rail bank certificate issued pursuant to §5B-1A-5 of this code.
During the interim period when an abandoned inactive railroad right-of-way is held by the state for possible future railroad use, the owner of the railroad right-of-way from whom the state acquired the land or an interest therein is relieved from civil liability for any personal injury or property damage occurring on the right-of-way during such interim period, which might otherwise arise from ownership.
(a) General rule. — Except as specifically recognized or provided in subsection (d) of this section, an owner, railroad company, or lessee who provides the public with land for use as a trail under this article or who owns land adjoining any such trail developed under this article, owes no duty of care to keep the land safe for entry or use by others for recreational purposes, or to give any warning to persons entering or going on the trail or adjoining land of a dangerous condition, use, structure, or activity thereon.
(b) Owner. — Any person, public agency, or corporation owning an interest in land utilized for nonmotorized recreational trail purposes use pursuant to this article shall be treated as an "owner" for purposes of this article.
(c) Specific limitations on liability. — Except as specifically recognized by or provided in subsection (d) of this section, an owner, railroad company, or lessee who provides the public with land or who owns adjoining land to the trail under this article is not, by providing that trail or land or owning land adjoining the trail:
(1) Presumed to extend any assurance that the land is safe for any purpose;
(2) Incur any duty of care toward a person who goes on that land; or
(3) Become liable Liable for any injury to persons or property caused by an act or an act of omission of a person who goes on that land.
(d) Exception. —
(1) This section does not apply to the owner, railroad company, or lessee of the land used as a rail with trail or rail-to-trail if there is any charge made or usually made for entering or using the trail or land, or any part thereof.
(2) This section does not apply to the owner of land adjoining a rail with trail or rail-to-trail if there is any charge made or usually made by the owner of such adjoining land for using the rail with trail or rail-to-trail or land, or any part thereof, or if any commercial or other activity relating to the use of the rail with trail or rail-to-trail whereby profit is derived from the patronage of the general public is conducted on such adjoining land, or on any part thereof.
(3) The foregoing applies provisions of this subsection apply whether the person going on the land provided or adjoining is an invitee, licensee, trespasser, or otherwise.
(e) Application to railroad companies. — This section applies to railroad companies who own unused rail lines, and who allow a nonprofit or a local or state governing body to use that property for tourism or the public good to include, but not be limited to, the development of trails, camp areas, playgrounds, and mini-excursions.
(e) (f) This article does not relieve any person of liability which would otherwise exist for deliberate, willful, or malicious injury to persons or property. The provisions of this article do not create or increase the liability of any person.
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